Religion and Theology

Positivism is defined as the philosophical science and the perspective that makes one hold on to the actual experiences.  It is a knowledge theory based on observational sciences.  Its aim was to study the regularities of events and the regulations that could be used to make a better society. However, this was disputed in argument that human nature is indeterminate to external laws thus investigations shouldnt be guided by human behavior and the surrounding events.

The interpretive accounts are also against positivism because they state that a distinctive separation between value judgments and impartiality should always exist.  The critical theory however disputes the positivism theories by arguing that they are alternative replacement to the already founded order (Turner, 1985).  That is, the functionalism of the existing systems will be impaired upon embracing positivism.

Defense positivism has rejected the core aim of the introduction of positivism and allowed the pluralism of methodological approaches unlike unity which was supported by positivism.  With this kind of rejection, there is an increased rate of ideological war rather than the physical fight.  The European unions especially those under communism like the Soviet Unions as well as the Eastern Europe have instead faced defeat, while the United States and the majority of countries in the Western Europe have enjoyed autonomy and prosperity in the 990s.  Maturity of democracies has been felt to a greater extend and in the second half of the 20th Century, more independent countries were witnessed (Turner, 1985).  Rapid development and more diversified states are also as a result of the anti-positivism that was originally embraced.  However, despite the defense, critics have been very vocal about the criticisms. Indeed, they have not done much of any constructive improvement towards the implementation of the discoveries and theories.